Автор неизвестен. Accessing the Internet by E-Mail FAQ

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Date: 26 May 1998

[e-mail]
[e-mail]
[e-mail] - очень загружен , ответ приходит через сутки
[e-mail]
[e-mail]
[e-mail]
[e-mail]
[e-mail]
[e-mail]
[e-mail]
[e-mail] Нормальная кодировка русских серверов
[e-mail]

*
[e-mail]
[e-mail]
[e-mail]
[e-mail]
[e-mail]
[e-mail] - работает быстро, но есть ограничения 20 стр.в неделю
[e-mail] - работает быстро
[e-mail]
[e-mail]
[e-mail]


[e-mail]
[e-mail]
[e-mail]
[e-mail]

[e-mail]
[e-mail]

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Subject: Accessing the Internet by E-Mail FAQ
Date: 31 Aug 1997 09:30:20 GMT
From: Bob Rankin ([e-mail])
Newsgroups:
alt.internet.services, alt.online-service,
alt.bbs.internet, alt.answers, comp.mail.misc, comp.answers,
news.newusers.questions, news.answers

Archive-name: internet-services/access-via-email
Posting-Frequency: weekly
Last-modified: 1997/08/07
Version: 6.9

+--------------------------------------------------+
| Accessing The Internet By E-Mail |
| Doctor Bob's Guide to Offline Internet Access |
| 6th Edition - August 1997 |
+--------------------------------------------------+

Copyright (c) 1994-97, "Doctor Bob" Rankin

All rights reserved. Permission is granted to make and distribute
verbatim copies of this document provided the copyright notice and
this permission notice are preserved on all copies. Feel free to
upload to your favorite BBS or Internet server!

---------------------------------------------------------------

How to Access Internet Services by E-mail

If you don't have direct access to the Internet through your BBS
or online service, you're not alone. Many of the world's countries
with Internet connections have only e-mail access to this world-wide
network of networks.

But if you think that sounds limiting, read on. You can access almost any
Internet resource using e-mail. Maybe you've heard of FTP, Gopher, Archie,
Veronica, Finger, Usenet, Whois, Netfind, WAIS, and the World-Wide Web but
thought they were out of your reach because you don't have a direct
connection.

Not so! You can use simple e-mail commands to do all of this and much
more on the Internet. And even if you do have full Internet access,
using e-mail services can save you time and money. If you can send a
note to an Internet address, you're in the game.

I encourage you to read this entire document first and then go back and
try out the techniques that are covered. This way, you will gain a
broader perspective of the information resources that are available, an
introduction to the tools you can work with, and the best methods for
finding the information you want.

Recent Changes To This Document

-------------------------------

6.9 Several new/deleted server addresses; Vigilant Filter closed.
6.8 Homepage by e-mail for German users only; LEO translation service;
Reminders by e-mail; updated mail-to-usenet info; Mercury Mail by
e-mail discontinued; WAISmail section removed
6.7 More servers closed due to abuse; a new Agora; Goodbye to Binky
6.6 Binky is revived; mortgage calculator, homepage by e-mail, URL-minder;
new & updated server addresses
6.5 Forms support for webmail; New info on Usenet by e-mail; Binky is dead;

Finding the Latest Version

--------------------------

This document is now available from several automated mail servers.
To get the latest edition, send e-mail to one of the addresses below.

To: [e-mail] (for US, Canada & South America)
Enter only this line in the BODY of the note:
send usenet/news.answers/internet-services/access-via-email

To: [e-mail] (for Europe, Asia, etc.)
Enter only this line in the BODY of the note:
send lis-iis e-access-inet.txt

You can also get the file by anonymous FTP at one of these sites:

Site: rtfm.mit.edu
get pub/usenet/news.answers/internet-services/access-via-email
Site: ftp.mailbase.ac.uk
get pub/lists/lis-iis/files/e-access-inet.txt

Or on the Web in HTML format at:
http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/hypertext/faq/usenet/internet-services/access-via-email/faq.html

A Related Resource

------------------

DR. BOB'S PAINLESS GUIDE to the Internet (And Amazing Things You Can Do
With E-Mail) is different than any other Internet book. It's cheap--only
$12.95, and it's blissfully short--just 145 pages. For online ordering,
visit Dr. Bob's web page at http://biz.mhv.net/drbob or send e-mail to
[e-mail] with Subject: SEND BOOKINFO to get complete details.

Before You Write...

-------------------

Please make sure you have the latest version of this guide before writing
to the author with questions and updates. Don't give up too quickly on
the busy e-mail servers, and if you get an error message, try your operation
again on a different day or time. If you'd like to keep up with the latest
updates and announcements of new versions, send the command:

SUBSCRIBE ACCMAIL Firstname Lastname

in the BODY of a message to the address "[e-mail]". In
fact, the ACCMAIL list is a great place to ask any questions you have about
this guide. You're likely to get a quicker response from one of the list
subscribers, because the author gets several hundred messages per week!

Other Translations of This Document

-----------------------------------

Several readers have graciously volunteered to translate this text into
languages other than English. Please contact the author if you would like
to assist in the translation of this document into another language. The
list below shows the status of the translation work that has been done or
is in progress. To obtain any of the completed texts, send e-mail with

Subject: send accmail.xx (where "xx" is as shown below)
To: [e-mail]

Translation Filename Translation Filename
----------------------- ---------- ----------------------- ----------
Catalan (5th Ed.) accmail.ca Chinese GB (6th Ed.) accmail.cn
Chinese BIG5 (5th Ed.) accmail.tw Croatian (4th Ed.) accmail.hr
Czech (6th Ed.) accmail.cz Danish (5th Ed.) accmail.dk
Dutch (6th Ed.) accmail.nl Esperanto (4th Ed.) accmail.eo
Farsi (5th Ed.) accmail.ir Finnish (6th Ed.) accmail.fi
French (6th Ed.) accmail.fr German (5th Ed.) accmail.de
Greek (6th Ed.) accmail.gr Hebrew (5th Ed.) accmail.he
Hungarian (4th Ed.) accmail.hu Irish (In progress) accmail.ie
Indonesian (4th Ed.) accmail.id Italian (5th Ed.) accmail.it
Lithuanian (6th Ed.) accmail.lt Japanese (6th Ed.) accmail.jp
Norwegian (4th Ed.) accmail.no Polish (4th Ed.) accmail.pl
Portuguese (6th Ed.) accmail.pt Romanian (6th Ed.) accmail.ro
Russian (6th Ed.) accmail.ru Serbian (6th Ed.) accmail.sr
Slovak (6th Ed.) accmail.sk Spanish (6th Ed.) accmail.sp
Tagalog (In progress) accmail.ph Thai (6th Ed.) accmail.th
Turkish (In progress) accmail.tr Somali (5th Ed.) accmail.so
Ukranian (6th Ed.) accmail.ua

NOTE: Your "send accmail.xx" request MUST be in the SUBJECT line!

Acknowledgements

----------------

This document is continually expanding and improving as a result of the
daily flood of comments and questions received by the author. The following
individuals are hereby recognized for their work in translating "Accessing"
to various languages. (If I forgot anyone, let me know and I'll gladly add
you to the list.)

Flesch Balint - Hungarian Ron Barak - Hebrew
Nikola Borojevic - Croatian Krzysztof Buniewicz - Polish
Claude Bay - French Pierre Couillard - French
Shahriar Eivazzadeh - Farsi Vadim Fedorov - Russian
Ricard Forner - Catalanian Alonso Gustavo - Spanish
Stefan Greundel - German Mihai Jalobeanu - Romanian
Paavo Juntunen - Finnish Joao Neves - Portuguese
Stanislav Ponca - Slovakian Oe Wely Eko Raharjo - Indonesian
Boonyakiat Saengwan - Thai Vidar Sarvik - Norwegian
Christian Schou - Danish Darius Matuliauskas - Lithuanian
Martin Slunecko - Czech Zvonko Springer - Croatian
Andras Sogor - Hungarian Komatsu Toshiki - Japanese
Rob Vandeweyer - Dutch Dario Vercelli - Italian
Ewa Poskrobko - Polish Martin Weichert - Esperanto
Yassin Ismail Ali - Somali Ukranian - Dmitry V. Bisikalo
Brankica Kranjac - Serbian Ivan Stamenkovic - Serbian
Grigoris Miliaresis - Greek Alexander Kachanov - Russian

A Short Aside... "What is the Internet?"

----------------------------------------

Many introductory texts on the Internet go into excruciating detail on
the history, composition and protocol of the Internet. If you were
looking for that you won't find it here, because this is a "how to"
lesson, not a history book.

When you buy a new car, they don't make you read "The Life and Times of
Henry Ford" before you can turn the top down and squeal off the lot.
And when you get a new computer, nobody forces you to read a text on
logic design before you fire up Leisure Suit Larry or WordPerfect.

So if you're the type that wants to short-circuit the preliminaries and
just dig in, you've come to the right place. I'm not going to bore you
with the gory details. Instead, I'll just offer up my Reader's Digest
condensed definition of the Internet, and encourage you to find out
more as you gain skill at using the tools described herein.

Internet (noun) - A sprawling collection of computer networks that spans
the globe, connecting government, military, educational and commercial
institutions, as well as private citizens to a wide range of computer
services, resources, and information. A set of network conventions and
common tools are employed to give the appearance of a single large
network, even though the computers that are linked together use many
different hardware and software platforms.

The Rules of The Game

---------------------

This document is meant to be both tutorial and practical, so there are
lots of actual commands and internet addresses listed herein. You'll
notice that when these are included in the text they are indented by
several spaces for clarity. Don't include the leading spaces when you
try these commands on your own!

You'll also see things like "" or "" appearing in this
document. Think of these as place holders or variables which must
be replaced with an appropriate value. Do NOT include the quotes or
brackets in your value unless specifically directed to do so.

Most e-mail servers understand only a small set of commands and are
not very forgiving if you deviate from what they expect. So include
ONLY the specified commands in the Subject or body of your note, leaving
off any extraneous lines such as your signature, etc.

Unless otherwise specified, you can leave the Subject and/or body of the
note empty. If your mail software insists on a Subject or body, just
type "XYZZY" or something equally non-sensical.

You should also ensure that you have one blank line between the note
headers and the body of your note. And do pay attention to upper/lower
case in directory and file names when using e-mail servers. It's almost
always important.

*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
SPECIAL NOTE: The e-mail servers listed in this guide are for the most
part operated by kind-hearted volunteers at companies or universities.
If you abuse (or over-use) the servers, there's a very good chance they
will be shut down permanently. This actually happened to several of the
e-mail servers recently, so treat them with respect.

If you have direct Internet access, let others who are less fortunate use
the e-mail servers. Try to limit your data transfers to one megabyte per
day. Don't swamp the servers with many requests at a time.
*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*

FTP BY E-MAIL

-------------

FTP stands for "file transfer protocol", and is a means of accessing
files that are stored on remote computer systems (sites). Files at FTP
sites are typically stored in a tree-like set of directories (or nested
folders for Mac fans), each of which pertains to a different subject.

When visiting an FTP site using a "live" internet connection, one would
specify the name of the site, login with a userid & password, navigate
to the desired directory and select one or more files to be transferred
back to their local system.

Using FTP by e-mail is very similar, except that the desired site is
reached through a special "ftpmail server" which logs in to the remote
site and returns the requested files to you in response to a set of
commands in an e-mail message.

Using FTP by e-mail can be nice even for those with full Internet
access, because some popular FTP sites are heavily loaded and
interactive response can be very sluggish. So it makes sense not to
waste time and connect charges in these cases.

To use FTP by e-mail, you first need a list of FTP "sites" which are the
addresses of the remote computer systems that allow you to retrieve
files anonymously (without having a userid and password on that system).

There are some popular sites listed later in this guide, but you can get
a comprehensive list of hundreds of anonymous FTP sites by sending an
e-mail message to the internet address:

[e-mail]

and include these lines in the BODY of the note.

send usenet/news.answers/ftp-list/sitelist/part1
... (19 lines omitted for brevity) ...
send usenet/news.answers/ftp-list/sitelist/part21

You will then receive (by e-mail) 21 files which comprise the "FTP Site
List". Note that these files are each about 60K, so the whole lot will
total over a megabyte! This could place a strain on your system, so
first check around to see if the list is already available locally.

Another file you might want to get is "FTP Frequently Asked Questions"
which contains lots more info on using FTP services, so add this line to
your note as well:

send usenet/news.answers/ftp-list/faq

After you receive the site list you'll see dozens of entries like this,
which tell you the site name, location and the kind of files that are
stored there.

Site : oak.oakland.edu
Country: USA
Organ : Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan
System : Unix
Comment: Simtel Software Repository mirror
Files : BBS lists; ham radio; TCP/IP; Mac; modem protocol info;
MS-DOS; MS-Windows; PC Blue; PostScript; Simtel-20; Unix

If you find an interesting FTP site in the list, send e-mail to one of
these ftpmail servers:

[e-mail] (Denmark)
[e-mail] (Czech)
[e-mail] (Finland)
[e-mail] (Germany)
[e-mail] (Germany)
[e-mail] (Japan)
[e-mail] (Peru)
[e-mail] (Poland)
[e-mail] (Romania)
[e-mail] (Sweden)
[e-mail] (Sweden)
[e-mail] (United States)
[e-mail] (United States)
[e-mail] (Venezuela)
[e-mail] (CLOSED DUE TO ABUSE)
[e-mail] (CLOSED DUE TO ABUSE)


It doesn't really matter which one you choose, but a server that is
geographically close may respond quicker. (Please DON'T use the first
one in the list just because it's there!) In the body of the note,
include these lines:

open * use "connect " for dec.com sites
dir
quit

This will return to you a list of the files stored in the root directory
at that site. See the figure below for an example of the output when
using "oak.oakland.edu" for the site name.

+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
-r--r--r-- 1 w8sdz OAK 1255 Nov 9 16:32 README
drwxr-xr-x 3 w8sdz OAK 8192 Feb 25 05:17 SimTel
d--x--x--x 3 root system 8192 Jan 19 20:26 bin
d--x--x--x 5 root system 8192 Dec 30 05:15 etc
drwxr-xr-x 3 w8sdz OAK 8192 Jan 30 17:37 pub
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+

In your next e-mail message you can navigate to other directories by
inserting (for example)

chdir pub (use "cd" if "chdir" doesn't work)

before the "dir" command. (The "chdir" means "change directory" and "pub"
is a common directory name, usually a good place to start.) Once you
determine the name of a file you want to retrieve, use:

get

in the following note instead of the "dir" command. If the file you
want to retrieve is plain text, this will suffice. If it's a binary
file (an executable program, compressed file, etc.) you'll need to
insert the command:

binary

in your note before the "get" command.

Tip: Many directories at FTP sites contain a file called 00-index.txt,
README, or something similarly named which gives a description of the
files found there. If you're just exploring and your "dir" reveals one
of these filenames, do a "get" on the file and save yourself some time.

OK, let's grab the text of The Magna Carta. Here's the message you send
to [e-mail] (or another ftpmail server):

open ftp.spies.com (The name of the FTP site)
chdir Gov/World (The directory where the file lives)
get magna.txt (Sign here please, John)
quit (Bring it on home)

Here are the commands you would send to to get a file from the Simtel
Software Repository that was mentioned earlier.

open oak.oakland.edu
chdir SimTel/msdos/disasm
binary (Because we're getting a ZIP file)
get bubble.zip
quit

Some other interesting FTP sites you may want to "visit" are listed below.
(Use these site names on the "open" command and the suggested directory
name on your "chdir" command, as in the previous examples.)

rtfm.mit.edu Try: pub/usenet/news.answers for USENET info
oak.oakland.edu Try: SimTel/msdos for a huge DOS software library
gatekeeper.dec.com Try: pub/recipes for a cooking & recipe archive

Remember that you can't just send e-mail to ftpmail@, rather you
send the "open " command to one of the known ftpmail servers.

Notes:
- The ftpmail servers tend to be quite busy. Your reply may not arrive for
several minutes, hours, or days.
- Some large files may be split into smaller pieces and returned to you as
multiple messages. You can control this (and also override the return
e-mail address) using special ftpmail commands.
- The commands are not the same on every server - send the "help" command
to find out how FTPMAIL works on the server you are using!
- Often the ftpmail servers keep local archives. Open the local archives by
not specifying a site on the "open" line. Using the local archives gives
your request priority so it will be processed before all outside requests.

If the file that is returned to you ends up looking something like what
you see below, (the word "begin" with a number and the filename on one
line, followed by a bunch of 61-character lines) it most likely is a
binary file that has been "uuencoded" by the sender. (This is required
in order to reliably transmit binary files by e-mail.)

begin 666 answer2.zip
M4$L#!`H`!@`.`/6H?18.$-Z$F@P```@?```,````5$5,25@S,34N5%A480I[
M!P8;!KL,2P,)!PL).PD'%@.(!@4.!P8%-@.6%PL*!@@*.P4.%00.%P4*.`4.

You'll need to scrounge up a version of the "uudecode" program for your
operating system (DOS, OS/2, Unix, Mac, etc.) in order to reconstruct the
file. Most likely you'll find a copy already at your site or in your
service provider's download library, but if not you can use the instructions
in the next section to find out how to search FTP sites for a copy.

ARCHIE BY E-MAIL

----------------

Let's say you know the name of a file, but you have no idea at which FTing like what
you see below, (the word "begin" with a number and the filename on one
line, followed by a bunch of 61-character lines) it most likely is a
binary file that has been "uuencoded" by the sender. (This is required
in order to reliably transmit binary files by e-mail.)

begin 666 answer2.zip
M4$L#!`H`!@`.`/6H?18.$-Z$F@P```@?```,````5$5,25@S,34N5%A480I[
M!P8;!KL,2P,)!PL).PD'%@.(!@4.!P8%-@.6%PL*!@@*.P4.%00.%P4*.`4.

You'll need to scrounge up a version of the "uudecode" program for your
operating system (DOS, OS/2, Unix, Mac, etc.) in order to reconstruct the
file. Most likely you'll find a copy already at your site or in your
service provider's download library, but if not you can use the instructions
in the next section to find out how to search FTP sites for a copy.

ARCHIE BY E-MAIL

----------------

Let's say you know the name of a file, but you have no idea at which FT.jp (Japan)
[e-mail] (Poland)
[e-mail] (Sweden)
[e-mail] (Spain)
[e-mail] (United Kingdom)
[e-mail] (United States)
[e-mail] (United States)

To obtain detailed help for using Archie by mail, put the word

help

in the subject of the note and just send it off. You'll receive e-mail
explaining how to use archie services. If you're the "just do it" type,
then enter the command:

find

where "" is the name of the file to search for, in the BODY (not
the subject) of the note. This will search for files that match your
criteria exactly. If you want to find files that contain your search
criteria anywhere in their name, insert the line

set search sub

before the "find" command. Some other useful archie commands you might
want to use are:

set maxhits 20 (limit output, default is 100 files)
set match_domain usa (restrict output to FTP sites in USA)
set output_format terse (return output in condensed form)

When you get the results from your Archie query, it will contain the
names of various sites at which the desired file is located. Use one of
these site names and the directory/filename listed for your next FTP
file retrieval request.

Now you've learned enough to locate that UUDECODE utility mentioned in the
last section. Let's send e-mail to [e-mail] (or one of
the other archie servers), and include the following lines in the message:

set match_domain usa
set search sub (looking for a substring match...)
find uudecode (must contain this string...)

Note: You'll be looking for the uudecode source code, not the executable
version, which would of course be a binary file and would arrive
uuencoded - a Catch 22! The output of your archie query will contain
lots of information like this:

Host ftp.clarkson.edu (128.153.4.2)
Last updated 06:31 9 Oct 1994

Location: /pub/simtel20-cdrom/msdos/starter
FILE -r-xr-xr-x 5572 bytes 21:00 11 Mar 1991 uudecode.bas

Location: /pub/simtel20-cdrom/msdos/starter
FILE -r-xr-xr-x 5349 bytes 20:00 17 Apr 1991 uudecode.c

Now you can use an ftpmail server to request "uudecode.bas" (if you have
BASIC available) or "uudecode.c" (if you have a C compiler) from the
ftp.clarkson.edu site.

It should be noted that the latest version of uudecode can be found at
the SimTel repository. Send e-mail to [e-mail],
including any or all of these commands in the BODY of the note, and the
requested files will be returned to you by e-mail.

get uudecode.bas
get uudecode.c
get uudecode.doc

SPECIAL NOTE: For DOS users, there is an EXECUTABLE ASCII version of the
UUDECODE.COM program available. This is a rare exception to the rule that
executable files must be encoded to survive e-mail transmission. You can
receive it via e-mail and execute it "as is". To get a copy, send e-mail
to [e-mail] with Subject: send uudecode.com (must be lowercase).
For further info on using uudecode, request the "uudecode.how" file.

GOPHER BY E-MAIL

----------------

Gopher is a tool for exploring the Internet and is one way to find a
resource if you know what you want, but not where to find it. Gopher
systems are menu-based, and provide a user-friendly front end to
Internet resources, searches and information retrieval.

When visiting a Gopher site using a "live" Internet connection, one would
specify the name of the site, navigate through a series of hierarchical
menus to a desired resource, and then either read or transfer the
information back to their home system.

Using Gopher by e-mail is very similar, except that the desired site is
reached through a special "gophermail server" which gophers to the remote
site on your behalf and and returns the requested menu, submenu or file to
you in response to a set of commands in an e-mail message.

NOTE: In recent years, Gopher has fallen in popularity and most of the
gophermail servers have closed down. But still there is quite a
bit of information available on gopher servers, and a few working
gophermail servers.

Although not every item on every menu will be accessible by "gophermail",
you'll still find plenty of interesting things using this technique.
Down to brass tacks... let's send e-mail to one of these addresses:

[e-mail] Japan
[e-mail] Japan
[e-mail] Czech Republic

You can optionally specify the address of a known gopher site on the
Subject line to get the main menu for that site instead. Here are some
interesting gopher sites you may like to explore at your leisure.

cwis.usc.edu
gopher.micro.umn.edu
english-server.hss.cmu.edu

Let's be bold and skip the HELP stuff for now. Fire off a note to one of
the gophermail servers and specify

Subject: cwis.usc.edu

You'll get a message back from the server that looks something like
the text in the figure below.

+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
Mail this file back to gopher with an X before the items you want.

1. About USCgopher/
2. How To Find Things on Gopher/
3. University Information/
4. Campus Life/
5. Computing Information/
6. Library and Research Information/
7. Health Sciences/
8. Research and Technology Centers/
9. Other Gophers & Info Resources/

You may edit the following numbers to set the maximum sizes after
which GopherMail should send output as multiple email messages:

Split=27K bytes/message <- For text, bin, HQX messages
Menu=100 items/message <- For menus and query responses
#
Name=About USCgopher
Numb=1
Type=1
Port=70
Path=1/About_USCgopher
Host=cwis.usc.edu
# ... (some lines deleted) ...
Name=Other Gophers and Information Resources
Numb=9
Type=1
Port=70
Path=1/Other_Gophers_and_Information_Resources
Host=cwis.usc.edu
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+

To proceed to a selection on the returned menu just e-mail the whole text
of the note (from the menu downwards) back to the gopher server, placing
an "x" next to the items(s) you want to explore. You'll then receive the
next level of the gopher menu by e-mail. Some menu choices lead to other
menus, some lead to text files, and some lead to searches. In the example
above, let's select

x 9. Other Gophers & Info Resources

and mail the whole shebang right back at the gophermail server. You should
then get a menu with a number of interesting selections including "Gopher
Jewels". You'll find a LOT of good stuff along that path. The Gopher
Jewels project is probably the best organized collection of Internet
resources around.

If a menu item is labelled "Search" you can select that item with an "x"
and supply your search words in the Subject: of your reply. Note that
your search criteria can be a single word or a boolean expression such as:

document and (historic or government)

Each of the results (the "hits") of your search will be displayed as an
entry on yet another gopher menu!

Note: You needn't actually return the entire gopher menu and all the
routing info that follows it each time you reply to the gophermail server.
If you want to minimize the size of your query, you can strip out the
"menu" portion at the top and include only the portion below that pertains
to the menu selection you want.

Just remember that if you use this approach, you must specify "get all" on
the Subject line. (Exception: for searching, specify only the search
terms on the Subject line.) The example below is equivalent to selecting
"option 9" as we did earlier.

Split=0K bytes/message
Menu=0 items/message
#
Name=Other Gophers
Numb=9
Type=1
Port=70
Path=1/Other_Gophers_and_Information_Resources
Host=cwis.usc.edu

If this looks like nonsense to you, here's a human translation:

Connect to PORT 70 of the HOST (computer) at "cwis.usc.edu",
retrieve the sub-menu "Other Gophers", and send it to me in
ONE PIECE, regardless of its size.

Note: Sometimes gophermail requests return a blank menu or message. This
is most likely because the server failed to connect to the host from which
you were trying to get your information. Send your request again later
and it'll probably work.

VERONICA BY E-MAIL

------------------

Speaking of searches, this is a good time to mention Veronica. Just
as Archie provides a searchable index of FTP sites, Veronica provides
this function for "gopherspace". Veronica will ask you what you want to
look for (your search words) and then display another menu listing all
the gopher menu items that match your search. In typical gopher
fashion, you can then select one of these items and "go-pher it"!

To try Veronica by e-mail, retrieve the main menu from a gophermail server
using the method just described. Then try the choice labelled "Other
Gopher and Information Servers". This menu will have an entry for
Veronica.

You'll have to select one (or more) Veronica servers to handle your
query, specifying the search words in the Subject of your reply. Here's
another example of where using e-mail servers can save time and money.
Often the Veronica servers are very busy and tell you to "try again
later". So select 2 or 3 servers, and chances are one of them will be
able to handle your request the first time around.

A Gophermail Shortcut:

----------------------

The path to some resources, files or databases can be a bit tedious,
requiring several e-mail messages to the gophermail server. But here's
the good news... If you've done it once, you can re-use any of the
e-mail messages previously sent in, changing it to suit your current
needs. As an example, here's a clipping from the Veronica menu you would
get by following the previous instructions. You can send these lines to
any gophermail server to run a Veronica search.

Split=64K bytes/message <- For text, bin, HQX messages (0 = No split)
Menu=100 items/message <- For menus and query responses (0 = No split)
#
Name=Search GopherSpace by Title word(s) (via NYSERNet)
Type=7
Port=2347
Path=
Host=empire.nysernet.org

Specify the search words in the Subject line and see what turns up! You
can use boolean expressions in Veronica searches. For a guide to composing
Veronica searches, send these lines to a gophermail server:

Name=How to Compose Veronica Queries
Path=0/veronica/how-to-query-veronica
Host=veronica.scs.unr.edu

USENET BY E-MAIL

----------------

Usenet is a collection of over 25000 discussion groups on every topic
imaginable. In order to get a proper start and avoid embarrasing
yourself needlessly, you must read the Usenet new users intro document,
which can be obtained by sending e-mail to:

[e-mail]

and include this line in the BODY of the note:

send usenet/news.answers/news-newusers-intro

To get a listing of Usenet newsgroups, add these commands to your note:

send usenet/news.answers/active-newsgroups/part1 (also get part2)
send usenet/news.answers/alt-hierarchies/part1 (also get part2 & part3)

To get the FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) file(s) for a given newsgroup,
try a command like this:

index usenet/

(Substitute dots for dashes if they appear in the newsgroup name.)
If any FAQ files are available, they will be listed in the returned info,
and you can request them with a command like:

send usenet//

Once you've handled the preliminaries, you'll need to know how to read
and contribute to Usenet newsgroups by e-mail. To read a newsgroup, you
can use the gophermail service discussed earlier in this guide.

To obtain a list of recent postings to a particular newsgroup, send the
following lines to one of the gophermail servers mentioned previously.
Specify "Subject: get all" and include only these lines in the message body.

(You must replace "" below with the name of the Usenet
newsgroup you wish to access. eg: alt.answers, biz.comp.services,
news.newusers.questions, etc.)

Type=1
Port=4320
Path=nntp ls
Host=services.canberra.edu.au

If this doesn't work, you can try another Host by substituting one of
the lines below.

Host=gopher.ic.ac.uk
Host=risc.upol.cz
Host=gopher.tc.umn.edu (maybe, very busy)

Note that some of these sites carry only a limited range of newsgroups,
so you may have to try several before finding one which carries the
newsgroup you're looking for. When the newsgroup does not exist,
gophermail sends something like "'nntp ls ': path does not
exist". When a site does not accept outside requests, gophermail sends
something like "Sorry, we don't accept requests outside campus".

If successful, the gophermail server will send you a typical gopher menu
on which you may select the individual postings you wish to read. If your
query returns nothing, or you get a "not found" message, try it at another
time of day. The servers are very busy during regular business hours.

NOTE: Gophermail servers are a vanishing breed. You can also get Usenet
postings from several webmail servers listed in the WORLD-WIDE WEB BY
E-MAIL section later in this document. There are two approaches:

1) Use a webmail server to access a gopher site which carries Usenet. The
example from above when translated into a web address would be:
gopher://services.canberra.edu.au:4320/1nntp

2) Look for an Agora server with a "Y" in the "Usenet Access" column and
send a command like this in the message body: send news:

With a little luck, you'll get a list of recent postings to the newsgroup,
and then you can retrieve the individual postings by replying to the
message from the Agora server. Make sure not to change the subject line
of the reply message, and just put the number of the posting you want in
the message BODY.

If you decide to make a post of your own, mail the text of your post to:

[e-mail]
[e-mail] (Requires permission)
[e-mail] (Defunct?)
[e-mail] (Defunct?)
[e-mail] (Norwegian newsgroups only)
[e-mail] (Italy users only)

So to post to news.newusers.questions, you might send your message to:

[e-mail] -OR-
[e-mail]

NOTE: To use the news.uni-stuttgart.de service, first request permission
by sending a message to: [e-mail]

Be sure to include an appropriate Subject: line, and include your real
name and e-mail address at the close of your note.

There is another mail-to-newsgroup gateway, but it's a bit harder to use,
and requires that you add a Newsgroups: header to your outgoing mail. For
information, send to [e-mail] with Subject: help

Note: Some servers only support a limited range of newsgroups. The only
way to know if the server supports a newsgroup is to try it! An updated
listing of mail-to-news servers can be found by fetching the document at
"http://students.cs.byu.edu/~don/mail2news.html". (See the "World-Wide
Web By E-Mail" section below for help with this.)


TIP: SEARCHING FOR USENET NEWSGROUPS - Don't know the name of the newsgroup?
To search for Usenet groups about "pets", for example, send e-mail to
an Agora server (see WWW section) with this line in the message BODY:

send http://www.nova.edu/Inter-Links/cgi-bin/news.pl?pets

Another way to find newsgroups: Send e-mail to "[e-mail]" with

news "keyword"

in the BODY if the message. (The quotes force an exact match.)

USENET SEARCHES

---------------

A service called REFERENCE.COM makes it possible to search USENET
newsgroups for postings that contain keywords of interest to you. You
can even "subscribe" and receive a daily list of newsgroup postings that
match your search criteria. Send mail to "[e-mail]"
with HELP in the body of note for full details.

WORLD-WIDE WEB BY E-MAIL

------------------------

The World-Wide Web is the premier Internet navigational tool - a
hypertext and multimedia system that lets you hop around the Net, read
documents, and access images & sounds linked to a source.

Have you ever heard someone say, "Wow, check out the cool stuff at
http://www.somewhere.com/blah.html" and wondered what in the world they
were talking about? Now you can retrieve WWW documents by e-mail using
an Agora webmail server.

All you need to know is the Uniform Resource Locator (or URL, that
long ugly string starting with "http:", "gopher:", or "ftp:") which
defines the address of the document, and you can retrieve it by sending
e-mail to one of:

Agora Server Address Location Usenet Access?
--------------------------- -------------------- --------------
[e-mail] (Japan) Y
[e-mail] (Japan) Y
[e-mail] (United Kingdom)
[e-mail] (NSU.RU users ONLY)

In the body of your note include one of these lines, replacing ""
with the actual URL specification.

send
rsend (to override your return address)

This will send you back the document you requested, with a list of all
the documents referenced within, so that you may make further requests.

To try WWW by e-mail send the following commands to an Agora server :

www
send http://www.w3.org

In a few minutes you should receive the Agora help file and the "WWW
Welcome Page" which will include references to other Web documents
you'll want to explore. Please read the Agora help file, as it contains
answers to many commonly asked questions!

THERE ARE SOME OTHER webmail servers listed below, which run software
other than Agora. They work pretty much the same, but it's a good idea
to request the help file for the server you decide to use.

Note: The GetWeb servers below can handle web pages which contain fill-in
forms. Other webmail servers do not provide this ability.

Address Syntax Comments
----------------------- ---------- ----------------------------

[e-mail] GET Send HELP or HELP FORMS
[e-mail] GET Send HELP for usage info
[e-mail] GET Send HELP command for info
[e-mail] Use 'Subject: info' for help
[e-mail] GO Same as [e-mail]
[e-mail] Limited free searches

Note: The webmail servers are sometimes unavailable for days (or weeks)
at a time without explanation. If you get an error or no reply, please
retry in a day or so.

WWW SEARCH BY E-MAIL

--------------------

There's a lot of great stuff out on the Web, but how do you find it?
Well, just like Archie and Veronica help you search FTP and gopher sites,
there are several search engines that have been developed to search for
information on the Web. But until now, you had to have direct Internet
access to use them.

After a bit of research, I have found that it is possible to use several
WWW search mechanisms by e-mail. Here are some sample queries that you
can use to search via Lycos and WebCrawler. Any of these lines can be
sent to an Agora server (see above) to perform a search. If you're not
interested in frogs, then by all means feel free to use your own keywords.

For Lycos, append a dot to your keywords to force an exact match, or you
will get a substring search by default. Separate words with a "+" sign.

http://www.lycos.com/cgi-bin/pursuit?query=frog.+dissection.

For WebCrawler searches you must separate words with a "+" sign.
All searches are exact, no trailing dot required.

http://webcrawler.com/cgi-bin/WebQuery?frog+dissection

MAILING LISTS

-------------

There are literally thousands of discussion groups that stay in touch
using e-mail based systems known as "mailing lists". People interested
in a topic "subscribe" to a "list" and then send and receive postings by
e-mail. For a good introduction to this topic, send e-mail to:

[e-mail]

In the body of your note include only this command:

GET NEW-LIST WOUTERS

Finding a Mailing List

----------------------

To find out about mailing lists that are relevant to your interests,
send e-mail to "[e-mail]" with

search "keyword"

in the BODY if the message. (The quotes force an exact match.)
(Of course you must replace "keyword" with your own search word
such as "marketing", "bicycles", etc.)

New in These Parts?

-------------------

If you're new to the Internet, I suggest you subscribe to the HELP-NET list
where you're likely to find answers to your questions. Send the command:

SUBSCRIBE HELP-NET

in the BODY of a note to [e-mail], then e-mail your questions
to the list address:

[e-mail]

FINGER BY E-MAIL

----------------

"Finger" is a utility that returns information about another user.
Usually it's just boring stuff like last logon, etc., but sometimes
people put fun or useful information in their finger replies. To try
out finger, send this line (in the message BODY) to a webmail server:

send http://www.mit.edu:8001/finger?

Use one of the e-mail addresses below instead of ...

[e-mail] [e-mail]
[e-mail] [e-mail]

"DIRECTORY ASSISTANCE" BY E-MAIL

--------------------------------

"WHOIS" is a service that queries a database of Internet names and
addresses. If you're looking for someone or you want to know where
a particular Internet site is located, send e-mail with

Subject: whois
To: [e-mail]

Try substituting "mit.edu" or the last name of someone you know in place
of "" and see what comes back! It should be noted that WHOIS is
not a comprehensive listing of all Internet users. It contains mostly
network administrators and some "notable" Internet figures.

Another alternative name looker-upper is a database at MIT which keeps
tabs on everyone who has posted a message on Usenet. Send e-mail to
"[e-mail]" and include this command ONLY in the BODY:

send usenet-addresses/

Specify as much information as you can about the person (lastname,
firstname, userid, site, etc.) to limit the amount of information that
is returned to you. Here's a sample query to find the address of
someone you think may be at Harvard University: