Гордиевский Олег. КГБ

   Второе покушение на болгарского эмигранта, на сей раз Владимира Костова, произошло неделю спустя в Париже и окончилось неудачей. Стальную пульку удалось извлечь из его тела еще до того, как рицин начал поступать в кровь. После того, как в конце 1989 года Тодора Живкова арестовали, в Софию приехала вдова Маркова и постаралась найти виновных в смерти ее мужа. Но даже если досье ДС на Маркова было уничтожено или отправлено в Москву, несомненно, бывшие сотрудники ДС, которые знали правду об убийстве, еще остались. По мере движения Болгарии к демократии они, возможно, и решатся ее рассказать.
   Несмотря на развернувшуюся пропагандистскую кампанию, КГБ, похоже, остался одной из наименее перестроенных организаций в горбачевской России. Крючков сейчас выглядит как символ развенчанного и осужденного прошлого. В августе 1991 года, убежденный, что Горбачев возглавляет процесс разрушения советской системы, он стал одним из руководителей переворота против Горбачева. Переворот, однако, привел не к свержению Горбачева, а к аресту Крючкова и других заговорщиков.
   КГБ всеми силами пытается откреститься от участия как в сталинском терроре, так и в менее серьезных преступлениях времен «застоя». Советские граждане, узнавая все больше подробностей жуткой истории КГБ, неизбежно зададутся вопросом: а можно ли вообще перестроить такую организацию? В странах Восточной Европы народы уже осудили службы безопасности, созданные по образу и подобию КГБ. Рано или поздно народ отречется и от КГБ. Шествие со свечами вокруг центрального здания КГБ, которое прошло в 1989 году в память миллионов жертв террора, стало первым шагом к такому отречению. В 1990 году неподалеку от штаб-квартиры КГБ на площади Дзержинского был установлен памятник «жертвам тоталитарного режима». Огромный валун из лагеря, открытого еще в 1918 году на берегу Белого моря, символизирует идею о том, что политические преследования начались не во времена Сталина, а раньше — в первые годы большевистской революции. Одним из последствий провалившегося переворота в августе 1991 года стало то, что разгоряченная толпа свергла почитаемый символ КГБ — памятник основателю комитета Феликсу Дзержинскому.
   Как и каждое крупное государство, Советский Союз нуждается как во внутренней службе безопасности, так и в разведке. Однако для того, чтобы иметь разведывательную службу, пользующуюся уважением граждан, придется закрыть КГБ и начать все сначала.

Приложение:

Председатели органов Государственной безопасности

   Феликс Эдмундович Дзержинский 1917—1926 (ВЧК/ГПУ/ОГПУ)
   Вячеслав Рудольфович Менжинский 1926—1934 (ОГПУ)
   Генрих Григорьевич Ягода 1934—1936 (НКВД)
   Николай Иванович Ежов 1936—1938 (НКВД)
   Лаврентий Павлович Берия 1938—1941 (НКВД)
   Всеволод Николаевич Меркулов 1941 (НКГБ) (февраль — июль)
   Лаврентий Павлович Берия 1941—1943 (НКВД)
   Всеволод Николаевич Меркулов 1943—1946 (НКГБ/МГБ)
   Виктор Семенович Абакумов 1946—1951 (МГБ)
   Сергей Иванович Огольцов 1951 (Исполняющий обязанности; МГБ) (август — декабрь)
   Семен Денисович Игнатьев 1951—1953 (МГБ)
   Лаврентий Павлович Берия 1953 (МВД) (март — июнь)
   Сергей Никифорович Круглов 1953—1954 (МВД)
   Иван Александрович Серов 1954—1958 (КГБ)
   Александр Николаевич Шелепин 1958—1961 (КГБ)
   Владимир Ефимович Семичастный 1961—1967 (КГБ)
   Юрий Владимирович Андропов 1967—1982 (КГБ)
   Виталий Васильевич Федорчук 1982 (КГБ) (май — декабрь)
   Виктор Михайлович Чебриков 1982—1988 (КГБ)
   Владимир Александрович Крючков 1988 —

Библиография

А. Неопубликованные источники

   Подробные ссылки на документы из американских, австралийских, австрийских, британских, французских и немецких архивов даны в примечаниях. Выдержки из документов Государственного архива Великобритании и других материалов Короны, защищенных авторским правом, приводятся с разрешения Инспектора Издательства Ее Величества. Архивы КГБ, один из наиболее важных неопубликованных источников материалов для этой книги, остаются закрытыми. (См. статью Олега Гордиевского об этих архивах в Intelligence and National Security, vol. VI (1991), no. 1.)
 
 

В. Опубликованные источники

   Ниже указаны только книги и статьи, на которые имеются ссылки. Использованные при написании этой книги две наиболее важные работы по КГБ советских авторов до сих пор не опубликованы и остаются глубоко засекреченными. Это внутренняя история КГБ, написанная в 1978 году под руководством Дмитрия Федоровича Григоренко, а также вышедшая в 1980-м книга по истории Первого главного управления, одним из авторов которой был Гордиевский. В первые годы эры Горбачева многие из важных советских исследований КГБ появились в виде статей в газетах и журналах. Эти статьи перечислены ниже. Ссылки на другие журнальные и газетные статьи, а также на теле— и радиопередачи и материалы парламентских отчетов и дебатов приведены только в ссылках.
 
   С. Abramsky and Beryl J. Williams (eds.), Essays in Honour of E. H. Carr (London: Macmillan, 1974).
   Pierre Accoce and Pierre Quel, The Lucy Ring (London: W. H. Alien, 1967).
   James Adams, The Financing of Terror (London: NEL, 1988).
   Jefferson Adams, «Crisis and Resurgence: East German State Security», International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, vol. II (1988), No. 4.
   Anthony Adamthwaite, France and the Coming of the Second World War (London: Frank Cass, 1977).
   Georgi Agabekov, OGPU (New York: Brentano's, 1931).
   Ismail Akhmedov, In and Out of Stalin's GRU (London: Arms & Armour Press, 1984).
   Alexander R. Alexiev, «The Soviet Stake in Angola: Origins, Evolution, Prospects», in Dennis L. Bark (ed.), The Red Orchestra, vol. II: The Case of Africa (Stanford, Ca.: Hoover Institution Press, 1988).
   Svetlana Alliluyeva, Only One Year (London: Hutchinson, 1969).
   Amnesty International, Afghanistan: Torture of Political Prisoners (London: Amnesty International, 1986).
   Karl Anders, Murder to Order (London: Ampersand, 1965).
   Christopher Andrew, Theophile Declasse and the Making of the Entente Cordiale (London: Macmillan, 1968).
   Christopher Andrew, «Dechiffrement et diplomatie: le cabinet noir du Quai d'Orsay sous la Troisieme Republique», Relations Internationales, 1976, No. 5.
   Christopher Andrew, «Codebreakers and Foreign Offices: The French, British and American Experience», in Christopher Andrew and David N. Dilks (eds.), The Missing Dimension: Governments and Intelligence Communities in the Twentieth Century (London: Macmillan, 1984).
   Christopher Andrew, «France and the German Menace» in Ernest R. May (ed.), Knowing One's Enemies (Princeton University Press, 1984).
   Christopher Andrew, Secret Service: The Making of the British Intelligence Community, 1st edn. (London: Heinemann, 1985).
   Christopher Andrew, «F. H. Hinsley and the Cambridge Moles: Two Patterns of Intelligence Recruitment», in Richard Langhorne (ed.), Diplomacy and Intelligence During the Second World War: Essays in Honour of F. H. Hinsley (Cambridge University Press, 1985).
   Christopher Andrew (ed.), Codebreaking and Signals Intelligence (London: Frank Cass, 1986).
   Christopher Andrew, «The Growth of the Australian Intelligence Community and the Anglo-American Connection», Intelligence and National Security, vol. IV (1989), No. 2.
   Christopher Andrew and David N. Dilks (eds.), The Missing Dimension: Governments and Intelligence Communities in the Twentieth Century (London: Macmillan, 1984).
   Christopher Andrew and Harold James, «Willi Munzenberg, the Reichstag Fire and the Conversion of Innocents», in David Charters and Maurice Tugwell (eds.), Deception in East-West Relations (London: Pergamon-Brassey, 1990).
   Christopher Andrew and Jeremy Noakes (eds.), Intelligence and International Relations (Exeter University Press, 1987).
   W. T. Angress, «The Takeover that Remained in Limbo: The German Experience 1918—1923», in Thomas Hammond (ed.), The
   Anatomy of Communist Takeovers (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1975).
   Ian Armour, «Colonel Redl: Fact and Fantasy», Intelligence and National Security, vol. II (1987), No. 1.
   Neal Ascherson, The Struggles for Poland (London: Michael Joseph, 1987).
   Timothy Carton Ash, The Polish Revolution: Solidarity 1980—82 (London: Jonathan Cape, 1983).
   Timothy Ashby, The Bear in the Backyard: Moscow's Caribbean Strategy (Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books, 1987).
   Joan Bright Astley, The Inner Circle (London: Hutchinson, 1971).
   W. H. Auden, Spain (London: Faber, 1937).
   Frantisek August and David Rees, Red Star over Prague (London: Sherwood Press, 1984).
   Paul Avrich, Kronstadt 1921 (Princeton University Press, 1971).
   Jeremy R. Azrael, The KGB in Kremlin Politics (Los Angeles: Rand/UCLA, 1989).
   Kendall E. Bailes, Technology and Society under Lenin and Stalin (Princeton University Press, 1978).
   Boris Bajanov, Bajanov revele Staline: souvenirs d'un ancien secretaire de Stalin (Paris: Gallimard, 1979).
   Desmond Ball, Soviet Signals Intelligence (Sigint), Canberra Papers on Strategy and Defence, No. 47 (Canberra: Australian National University, 1989).
   Desmond Ball and Robert Windren, «Soviet Signals Intelligence (Sigint): Organisation and Management», Intelligence and National Security, vol. IV (1989), No. 4.
   James Bamford, The Puzzle Palace (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1982).
   Dennis L. Bark (ed.), The Red Orchestra, vol. II: The Case of Africa (Stanford, Ca.: Hoover Institution Press, 1988).
   John Barron, KGB: The Secret Work of Soviet Secret Agents (London: Bantam Books, 1974).
   John Barron, KGB Today: The Hidden Hand (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1984).
   John Barron, Breaking the Ring (New York: Avon Books, 1988).
   David R. Beachley, «Soviet radio-electronic combat in World War Two», Military Review, vol. LXI (1981), No. 3.
   Nora Beloff, Tito's Flawed Legacy (London: Victor Gollancz, 1985).
   Mikhail Belyat, Salvador Allende (Moscow: Novosti, 1988)
   Elizabeth Bentley, Out of Bondage (New York: Ballantine Books, 1988).
   Paul D. Bethel, The Losers (New Rochelle, NY: Arlington House, 1969).
   Nicholas Bethell, The Great Betrayal (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1984).
   James G. Blight and David A. Welch (eds.), On the Brink: Americans and Soviets Re-Assess the Cuban Missile Crisis (New York: Hill & Wang, 1989).
   Howard Blum, I Pledge Allegiance (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1987).
   David Blundy and Andrew Lycett, Qaddafi and the Libyan Revolution (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1987).
   Anthony Blunt, «From Bloomsbury to Marxism», Studio International, Nov. 1973.
   Charles E. Bohlen, Witness to History, 1919—1969 (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1973).
   Georgi Bolshakov, «The Hot Line», New Times, 1989, Nos. 4—6.
   Robert Bothwell and J. L. Granatstein (eds.), The Gouzenko Transcripts (Ottowa: Deneau, n. d.).
   Tom Bower, The Red Web (London: Aurum, 1989).
   Andrew Boyle, The Climate of Treason (London: Hutchinson, 1979).
   Braunbuch uber Reichstagbrand und Hitlerterror (Frankfurt/Main: Roderberg Verlag, 1978).
   Hugh Brogan, The Life of Arthur Ransome (London: Jonathan Cape, 1984).
   Gordon Brook-Shepherd, The Storm Petrels (London: Collins, 1977).
   Gordon Brook-Shepherd, The Storm Birds (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1988).
   Brown Book on the Hitler Terror and the Burning of the Reichstag (London: Victor Gollancz, 1933).
   Margarete Buber-Neumann, Von Potsdam nach Moskau: Stationen Eines Irweges (Cologne: Hohenheim, 1981).
   Louis Budenz, This Is My Story (New York: Whittlesey House, 1947).
   E. Calic (ed.), Der Reichstagbrand: Eine Wissenschaftliche Dokumentation, Band II (Munich: K. G. Saur Verlag, 1978).
   Peter Calvocoressi, Top Secret Ultra (London: Cassell, 1980).
   Thomas M. Campbell and George C. Herring (eds.), The Diaries of Edward R. Stettinius Jr., 1943—1946 (New York: New Viewpoints, 1975).
   Canadian Royal Commission, The Defection of Igor Gouzenko, reprint of report of 27 June 1946, 3 vols. (Laguna Hills, Ca.: Aegean Park Press, 1984).
   R.N. Carew-Hunt, «Willi Muenzenberg», in David Footman (ed.), International Communism, St. Antony's Papers, No. 9 (London: Chatto & Windus, 1960).
   E.H. Carr, The Bolshevik Revolution 1917—1923, vol. Ill (London: Macmillan, 1953).
   E.H. Carr, Foundations of a Planned Economy, vol. Ill (London Macmillan, 1978).
   Anthony Cavendish, Inside Intelligence (London: privately printed, 1987).
   Robert Cecil, «The Cambridge Comintern», in Christopher Andrew and David N. Dilks (eds.), The Missing Dimension (London: Macmillan, 1984).
   Robert Cecil, A Divided Life (London: Bodley Head, 1988).
   Central Intelligence Agency, The Rote Kapelle: The CIA's History of Soviet Intelligence and Espionage Networks in Western Europe, 1936—1945 (Washington, DC.: University Publications of America, 1984).
   David Charters and Maurice Tugwell (eds.), Deception in East-West Relations (London: Pergamon-Brassey, 1990).
   Jacques Chastenet, Le Declin de la Troisieme Republique 1931—1938 (Paris: Hachette, 1962).
   Winston S. Churchill, Great Contemporaries (London: Odhams, 1947).
   Winston S. Churchill, The Second World War, vol. Ill (London: Cassell, 1950).
   Ronald W. Clark, Einstein: The Life and Times (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1973).
   William Clark, «Cabinet secrecy, collective responsibility and the British public's right to know about and participate in foreign policymaking», in Thomas M. Franck and Edward Weisband (eds.), Secrecy and Foreign Policy (Oxford University Press, 1974).
   Stephen Clissold, Djilas: The Progress of a Revolutionary (Hounslow: Maurice Temple-Smith, 1983).
   Stephen F. Cohen, Bukharin and the Bolshevik Revolution 1888—1938 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1980).
   Norman Cohn, Warrant for Genocide (London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1967).
   Richard Collier, The War that Stalin Won (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1983).
   John Colville, The Fringes of Power (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1985).
   Robert Conquest, The Great Terror: Stalin's Purge of the Thirties (London: Macmillan, 1968).
   Robert Conquest, Inside Stalin's Secret Police: NKVD Politics 1936—1939 (London: Macmillan, 1985).
   Robert Conquest, The Harvest of Sorrow (London, Hutchinson, 1986).
   Igor Cornelissen, De GPOe op de Overtoom (Amsterdam: Van Gennep, 1989).
   William F. Corson and Robert T. Crowley, The New KGB, «updated' Quill edn. (New York: William Morrow, 1986).
   John Costello, Mask of Treachery (London: Collins, 1988).
   Meir Cotic, The Prague Trial (New York: Herzl Press/Cornwall Books, 1987).
   The Counter-Revolutionary Conspiracy of Imre Nagy and his Accomplices (Budapest: Information Bureau of the Council of Ministers, 1958).
   John Coutouvidis and Jaime Reynolds, Poland 1939—1947 (Leicester University Press, 1986).
   David J. Dallin, Soviet Espionage (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1955).
   Norman Davies, God's Playground: A History of Poland, vol. II (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1981).
   Karen Dawisha, Soviet Foreign Policy Towards Egypt (London: Macmillan, 1979).
   Karen Dawisha, The Kremlin and the Prague Spring (Berkeley, Ca.: University of California Press, 1984).
   Richard Deacon, A History of the British Secret Service (London: Frederick Muller, 1969).
   F. W. Deakin and G. R. Storry, The Case of Richard Sorge (New York: Harper & Row, 1964).
   Richard K. Debo, «Lockhart Plot or Dzerzhinskii Plot?», Journal of Modern History, vol. XLIII (1971).
   Richard K. Debo, Revolution and Survival: The Foreign Policy of Soviet Russia 1917—18 (Liverpool University Press, 1979).
   Vladimir Dedijer, Tito Speaks: His Self-Portrait and Struggle with Stalin (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1953).
   Jane Degras (ed.), Documents on Soviet Foreign Policy, vol. I: 1951, vol. II: 1952, vol. Ill: 1953 (London: Oxford University Press).
   Jane Degras (ed.), The Communist International 1919—1942. Documents, vol. I: 1956, vol. Ill: 1965 (London: Oxford University Press).
   Alex de Jonge, Stalin and the Shaping of the Soviet Union (London: Collins, 1986).
   A.G. Denniston, «The Government Code and Cypher School Between the Wars», in Christopher Andrew (ed.), Codebreaking and Signals Intelligence (London: Frank Cass, 1986).
   Pyotr Deryabin and Frank Gibney, The Secret World, rev. edn. (New York: Ballantine Books, 1982).
   Peer de Suva, Sub Rosa: The CIA and the Uses of Intelligence (New York: Times Books, 1978).
   David Detzer, The Brink: Cuban Missile Crisis 1962 (New York: Crowell, 1979).
   Isaac Deutscher, The Prophet Unarmed: Trotsky 1921—1928 (London: Oxford University Press, 1959).
   Isaac Deutscher, Stalin: A Political Biography (New York: Vintage Books, 1962).
   Isaac Deutscher, The Prophet Outcast: Trotsky 1929—1940 (London: Oxford University Press, 1963).
   Dictionnaire Commentee de l'Oeuvre de General de Gaulle (Paris: Pion, 1975).
   David N. Dilks (ed.), The Diaries of Alexander Cadogan O.M., 1938—1945 (London: Cassell, 1971).
   David Dimbleby and David Reynolds, An Ocean Apart (London: BBC/Hodder & Stoughton, 1988).
   Milovan Djilas, Conversations with Stalin (London: Rupert Hart-Davis, 1962).
   Milovan Djilas, Tito: The Story from the Inside (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1981).
   Milovan Djilas, Rise and Fall (London: Macmillan, 1985).
   Christopher Dobson and Ronald Payne, War Without End: The Terrorists: An Intelligence Dossier (London: Sphere Books, 1987).
   Milorad M. Drachkovitch and Branko Lazitch (eds.), The Comintern: Historical Highlights (New York: Praeger, 1966).
   Tom Driberg, Guy Burgess: A Portrait with Background (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1956).
   J.-B. Duroselle, La decadence, 1932—1939 (Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1979).
   Ilya Dzhirkvelov, Secret Servant (London: Collins, 1987).
   John J. Dziak, Chekisty (Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books, 1987).
   Robin Edmonds, Soviet Foreign Policy: The Brezhnev Years (Oxford University Press, 1983).
   R.C. Elwood, Roman Malinovsky: A Life without a Cause (Newtonville, Mass.: Oriental Research Partners, 1977).
   Edward Jay Epstein, Deception: The Invisible War Between the KGB and the CIA (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1989).
   John Erickson, The Road to Berlin (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1983).
   John Erickson, «Threat Identification and Strategic Appraisal by the Soviet Union 1930—1941», in Ernest R. May (ed.), Knowing One's Enemies (Princeton University Press, 1984).
   John Erickson, The Road to Stalingrad (London: Panther Books, 1985).
   H. Michael Erisman, Cuba's International Relations (Boulder, Col./London: Westview, 1985).
   Haggai Erlich, «The Soviet Union and Ethiopia: The Misreading of Politica Scioana and Politica Tigrina», in Dennis L. Bark (ed.), The Red Orchestra, vol. II: The Case of Africa (Stanford, Ca.: Hoover Institution Press, 1988).
   Jean Esmein, The Chinese Cultural Revolution (London: Andre Deutsch, 1975).
   Roger Faligot and Pascal Krop, La Piscine: The French Secret Service Since .1944 (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1989).
   Herbert Feis, Between War and Peace (Princeton University Press, 1960).
   Heinz Felfe, Im Dienst des Gegners (Hamburg, 1986).
   P. William Filby, «Bletchley Park and Berkeley Street», Intelligence and National Security, vol. III (1988), No. 2.
   Ruth Fischer, Stalin and German Communism (London: Oxford University Press, 1949).
   M.R.D. Foot, SOE in France (London: HMSO, 1966).
   M.R.D. Foot, SOE (London: BBC, 1984).
   David Footman (ed.), International Communism, St Anthony's Papers, No. 9 (London: Chatto & Windus, 1960).
   Thomas M. Franck and Edward Weisband (eds.), Secrecy and Foreign Policy (Oxford University Press, 1974).
   Josef Frolik, The Frolik Defection (London: Leo Cooper, 1975).
   William C. Fuller Jr, «The Russian Empire», in Ernest R. May (ed.), Knowing One's Enemies (Princeton University Press, 1984).
   Charles Gati, Hungary and the Soviet Bloc (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1986).
   Ernest Gellner, Introduction to Oleg Glebov and John Crowfoot (eds.), The Soviet Empire: Its Nations Speak Out (London: Harwood Academic, 1989).
   Leonard D. Gerson, The Secret Police in Lenin's Russia (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1976).
   J. Arch Getty, Origins of the Great Purges (Cambridge University Press, 1985).
   Martin Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill, vol. V: 1976, vol. VII: 1986 (London: Heinemann).
   Martin Gilbert, The Second World War (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1989).
   Evgeniya Ginsburg, Into the Whirlwind (London, 1967).
   Rene Girault, Emprunts russes et investissements fraichis en Russie 1887—1914 (Paris, 1973).
   David Glantz, «The Role of Intelligence in Soviet Military Strategy during the Second World War,» paper to Fourth US Army War College International Conference on Intelligence and Strategy, May 1989.
   Oleg Glebov and John Crowfoot (eds.), The Soviet Empire: Its Nations Speak Out (London: Harwood Academic, 1989).
   Anthony Glees, The Secrets of the Service (London: Jonathan Cape, 1987).
   David Golinkov, The Secret War Against Soviet Russia (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1981).
   Anatoli Golitsyn, New Lies for Old (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1984).
   Igor Golovin, «They Awakened the Genie», Moscow News, 1989, No. 41.
   Alexander Gorev, Indira Gandhi (Moscow: Novosti, 1989)
   Alexander Gorev, Jawaharlal Nehru (Moscow: Novosti, 1989)
   Gabriel Gorodetsky, Stafford Cripps' Mission to Moscow 1940—42 (Cambridge University Press, 1984).
   Margaret Gowing, Britain and Atomic Energy (London: HMSO, 1964).
   Natalie Grant, «Deception on a Grand Scale», Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, vol. I (i 986—8), No. 4.
   Marina Grey, Le general meurt a minuit (Paris: Plon, 1981).
   Petro G. Grigorenko, Memoirs, trans. T.P. Whitney (London: Harvill Press, 1983).
   A.A. Gromyko and B.N. Ponomarev (eds.), Soviet Foreign Policy 1917—1980 (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1981).
   Andrei Gromyko, Memories (London: Hutchinson, 1989).
   Babette Gross, Willi Munzenberg: A Political Biography (Ann Arbor, Mich.: Michigan University Press, 1974).
   C.W. Guillebaud, «Politics and the Undergraduate in Oxford and Cambridge», Cambridge Review, 26 Jan. 1934.
   Edwin O. Guthman and Jeffrey Shulman (eds.), Robert Kennedy in His Own Words: The Unpublished Recollections of the Kennedy Years (New York: Bantam Books, 1988).
   Laszlo Gyurko, Arckepvazlat tortenelmi hatterel (Budapest, 1982).
   Alexander M. Haig Jr, Caveat (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1984).
   Gamal Hammad, The Hidden Government in the Era of Abdel Nasser (In Arabic: Cairo, 1986).
   Thomas Hammond (ed.), The Anatomy of Communist Takeovers (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1975).
   Philip Hanson, Soviet Industrial Espionage: Some New Information (London: RIIA, 1987).
   Rupert Hart-Davis (ed.), The Autobiography of Arthur Ransome (London: Jonathan Cape, 1976).
   Tsuyoshi Hasegawa, The February Revolution: Petrograd, 1917 (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1981).
   Jonathan Haslam, Soviet Foreign Policy 1930—1933 (London: Macmillan, 1983).
   Jonathan Haslam, The Soviet Union and the Struggle for Collective Security 1933—1939 (London: Macmillan, 1984).
   Jonathan Haslam, «Political Opposition to Stalin and the Origins of the Terror in Russia, 1932—1936», Historical Journal, vol. XX (1986).
   Jonathan Haslam, «The KAL Shootdown (1983) and the State of Soviet Air Defence», Intelligence and National Security, vol. Ill (1988), No. 4.
   Milan Hauner, Hitler: A Chronology of His Life and Times (London: Macmillan, 1983).
   Jean van Heijenoort, With Trotsky in Exile (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1978).
   Mohamed Heikal, The Road to Ramadan (London: Collins, 1975).
   Mohamed Heikal, Sphinx and Commissar (London: Collins, 1978).
   Mikhail Heller and Aleksandr Nekrich, Utopia in Power (New York: Summit Books, 1986).
   Peter Hennessy and Kathleen Townsend, «The documentary spoor of Burgess and Maclean», Intelligence and National Security, vol. II (1987), No. 2.
   Ernst Henri, «The Revolutionary Movement in Nazi Germany: (1) The Groups of Five (Funfergruppen)», New Statesman & Nation, 5 Aug. 1933.
   Ernst Henri, Hitler Over Europe? (London: Dent, 1934); 2nd edn. (1939).
   Ernst Henri, «Letter from „An Historical Optimist“», Druzhba Narodov, March 1988.
   Thomas H. Henriksen, «The People's Republic of Mozambique», in Dennis L. Bark (ed.), The Red Orchestra, vol. II: The Case of Africa (Stanford, Ca.: Hoover Institution Press, 1988).
   Ernst Henry (sic), Stop Terrorism! (Moscow: Novosti, 1982).
   Seymour M. Hersh, The Target is Destroyed (London: Faber, 1986).
   Alexander Herzen, My Past and Thoughts, trans. Constance Garnett, vol. II (London: Chatto & Windus, 1968).
   G.A. Hill, Go Spy the Land (London: Cassell, 1932).
   Ronald Hingley, The Russian Secret Police (London: Hutchinson, 1970).
   F.H. Hinsley et al., British Intelligence in the Second World War, 3 vols. (London: HMSO, 1979—88).
   F.H. Hinsley, «British Intelligence in the Second World War», in Christopher Andrew and Jeremy Noakes (eds.), Intelligence and International Relations 1900—1945 (Exeter University Press, 1987).
   George H. Hodos, Show Trials: Stalinist Purges in Eastern Europe 1948—1954 (New York: Praeger, 1987).
   Otto Hoetsch, Die Internationalen Beziehungen im Zeitalter des Imperialismus (Berlin, 1933—42).
   Heinz Hohne and Hermann Zolling, The General was a Spy (London: Pan Books, 1972).
   Paul Hollander, Political Pilgrims (Oxford University Press, 1981).
   David Holloway, «Entering the Nuclear Arms Race: The Soviet Decision to Build the Atomic Bomb, 1939—45», Social Studies of Science, vol. XI (1981).
   Harry L. Hopkins, «The Inside Story of my Meeting with Stalin», American Magazine, Dec. 1941.
   Arnold L. Horelick, The Cuban Missile Crisis: An Analysis of Soviet Calculations and Behaviour (Santa Monica, Ca.: Rand Corporation, 1963).
   Robert C. Horn, Soviet-Indian Relations: Issue—5 and Influence (New York: Praeger, 1982).
   Geoffrey Hosking, A History of the Soviet Union (London: Fontana, 1985).
   Harry Houghton, Operation Portland: The Autobiography of a Spy (London: Rupert Hart-Davis, 1972).
   Cordell Hull, The Memoirs of Cordell Hull, vol. II (New York: Macmillan, 1948).
   H. Montgomery Hyde, The Atom Bomb Spies (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1980).
   H. Montgomery Hyde, George Blake, Superspy (London: Constable, 1987).
   Paul Ignotus, «The First Two Communist Takeovers of Hungary: 1919 and 1948», in Thomas Hammond (ed.), The Anatomy of Communist Takeovers (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1975).
   Ghita loneScu, Communism in Rumania 1944—1962 (London: Oxford University Press, 1964).
   R.V. Ivanov-Razumnik, The Memoirs of Ivanov-Razymnik (London: Oxford University Press, 1965).
   Dan N. Jacobs, Borodin (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1981).
   Richard J. Johnson, «Zagranichnaya Agentura: The Tsarist Political Police in Europe», Journal of Contemporary History, 1972, Nos. 1—2.
   R.W. Johnson, Shootdown: The Verdict on KAL 007 (London: Chatto & Windus, 1986).
   William M. Johnston, The Austrian Mind (Berkeley, Ca.: University of California Press, 1983).
   Geoff Jukes, «The Soviets and „Ultra“, Intelligence and National Security, vol. Ill (1988), No. 2.
   Janos Kadar, Selected Speeches and Interviews (Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1985).
   David Kahn, The Codebreakers (New York: Macmillan, 1967).
   David Kahn, «Codebreaking in World War I and II: The Major Successes and Failures, Their Causes and Their Effects», in Christopher Andrew and David N. Dilks (eds.), The Missing Dimension: Governments and Intelligence Communities in the Twentieth Century (London: Macmillan, 1984).
   Oleg Kalugin, «Intelligence and Foreign Policy», International Affairs (Moscow), June 1989.
   Irving Kaplan (ed.), Angola: A Country Study, 2nd edn. (Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1979).
   Karel Kaplan, Dans les archives du Comite Central (Paris: Albin Michel, 1978).
   Karel Kaplan, Proces politiques a Prague (Brussels: Editions Complexe, 1980).
   Karel Kaplan, The Short March: The Communist Takeover in Czechoslovakia 1945—1948 (London: C. Hurst & Co., 1987).
   Ahti Karjalainen and Jukka Tarkka, Presidentin Ministen (Helsinki: Otava, 1989).
   Catherine Karolyi, A Life Together (London: Alien & Unwin, 1961).
   Derek Kartun, Tito's Plot against Europe: The Story of the Rajk Conspiracy (London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1949).
   Michael Kater, The Nazi Party: A Social Profile of Members and Leaders 1919—1945 (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1983).
   T.N. Kaul, Reminiscences Discreet and Indiscreet (New Delhi: Lancers, 1982).
   George Kennan, Memoirs 1950—1963 (New York: Pantheon Books, 1983).
   Sheila Kerr, «Roger Hollis and the Dangers of the Anglo-Soviet Treaty of 1942», Intelligence and National Security, vol.V (1990), No. 3.
   Ronald Kessler, Moscow Station (New York: Scribner's 1989).
   Michael Kettle, Sidney Reilly: The True Story (London: Corgi, 1983).
   Nikolai Y. Khokhlov, In the Name of Conscience (London: Frederick Muller, 1960).
   Warren Kimball, «They Don't Come Out Where You Expect»: Roosevelt Reacts to the German-Soviet War» (forthcoming).
   Robert R. King, History of the Romanian Communist Party (Stanford, Ca.: Hoover Institution Press, 1980).
   Bela K. Kiraly, «Military Aspects,» in Bela K. Kiraly and Paul Jonas (eds.), The Hungarian Revolution in 1956 in Retrospect (New York: Columbia University Press, 1978).
   Amy W. Knight, The KGB: Police and Politics in the Soviet Union (London: Unwin Hyman, 1988).
   Phillip Knightley, The Second Oldest Profession (London: Andre Deutsch, 1986).
   Phillip Knightley, Philby: KGB Master Spy (London: Andre Deutsch, 1988).
   Arthur Koestler, The Invisible Writing, Danube edn. (London: Hutchinson, 1969).
   Sandor Kopacsi, Au nom de la classe ouvriere (Paris: Editions Robert Laffont, 1979).
   Lev Kopelev, The Education of a True Believer (London: Wildwood House, 1981).
   N.N. Krasnov, The Hidden Russia: My Ten Years as a Slave Labourer (New York: Holt, Rinehard, 1960).
   Joachim Krause, «Soviet Arms Transfers to Sub-Saharan Africa», in R. Craig Nation and Mark V. Kauppi, The Soviet Impact in Africa (Lexington, Mass.: D.C. Heath, 1984).
   Viktor Kravchenko, I Chose Freedom (New York: Scribner's, 1946).
   Walter Krivitsky, I Was Stalin's Agent (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1939).
   Hiroaki Kuromiya, Stalin's Industrial Revolution (Cambridge University Press, 1988).
   Aino Kuusinen, Before and After Stalln (London: Michael Joseph, 1974).
   Vladimir Kuzichkin, «Coups and Killings in Kabul», Time, 22 Nov. 1982.
   Tae-Hwan Kwak et al. (eds.), The Two Koreas in World Politics (Seoul: Kyungnam University Press, 1983).
   Robert J. Lamphere, The FBI-KGB War: A Special Agent's Story (New York: Berkley Books, 1987).
   Arthur Bliss Lane, I Saw Freedom Betrayed (London: Regency Publications, 1949).
   Richard Langhorne (ed.), Diplomacy and Intelligence During the Second World War: Essays in Honour of F.H. Hinsley (Cambridge University Press, 1985).
   Branko Lazitch, «Stalin's Massacre of the Foreign Communist Leaders' and „Two Instruments of Control by the Comintern: The Emissaries of the ECCI and the Party Representatives in Moscow“, in Milorad M. Drachkovitch and Branko Lazitch (eds.), The Comintern: Historical Highlights (New York: Praeger, 1966).
   Branko Lazitch and Milorad M. Drachkovitch, Lenin and the Comintern, vol. I (Stanford, Ca.: Hoover Institution Press, 1972).
   Branko Lazitch and Milorad M. Drachkovitch, Biographical Dictionary of the Comintern, rev. edn. (Stanford, Ca.: Hoover Institution Press, 1986).
   Auguste Lecoeur, Le partisan (Paris: Flammarion, 1963).
   George Leggett, The Cheka: Lenin's Political Police (Oxford University Press, 1981).
   V.I. Lenin, The State and Revolution (London: Alien & Unwin, 1919).
   Wolfgang Leonhard, Child of the Revolution (London: Collins, 1957).
   Isaac Don Levine, The Mind of an Assassin (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1959).
   Flora Lewis, The Man Who Disappeared: The Strange History of Noel Field (London: Arthur Barker, 1965).
   Jonathan Lewis and Phillip Whitehead, Stalin: A Time for Judgement (London: Methuen, 1990).
   D.C.B. Lieven, Russia and the Origins of the First World War (London: Macmillan, 1983).
   Robert Bruce Lockhart, Memoirs of a British Agent, 2nd edn, (London/New York: Putnam, 1934).
   Robert Bruce Lockhart, Ace of Spies: A Biography of Sidney Reilly (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1967).
   Gordon Lonsdale, Spy (London: Neville Spearman, 1965).
   Eugene Lyons, Assignment in Utopia (London: Harrap, 1938).
   Martin McCauley (ed.), Communist Power in Europe 1944—1949 (London: Macmillan, 1977).
   Martin McCauley, «East Germany», in McCauley (ed.), Communist Power in Europe 1944—1949 (London: Macmillan, 1977)
   Martin McCauley, The Soviet Union Since 1917 (London: Longman, 1981).
   George McJimsey, Harry Hopkins: Ally of the Poor and Defender of Democracy (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1987).
   lan McLaine, Ministry of Morale (London: Alien & Unwin, 1979).
   Jukka L. Makela, Hemligt Krig (Stockholm, 1968).
   Nadezhda Mandelstam, Hope Against Hope (London: Collins, 1971).
   Nadezhda Mandelstam, Hope Abandoned (London: Collins, 1974).
   Robert Manne, The Petrov Affair: Politics and Espionage (Sydney: Pergamon, 1987).
   David Martin, «James Klugmann, SOE-Cairo and the Mihailovic Deception», in David Charters and Maurice Tugwell (eds.), Deception in East-West Relations (London: Pergamon-Brassey, 1990).
   David Martin, Wilderness of Mirrors (New York: Ballantine Books, 1981).
   Hede Massing, This Deception (New York: Ivy Books, 1987).
   Anthony Masters, The Man Who Was M (Oxford: Basil Blackzwll, 1984).
   Vojtech Mastny, Russia's Road to the Cold War (New York: Columbia University Press, 1979).
   Evan Mawdsley, The Russian Civil War (London: Alien & Unwin, 1987).
   Ernest R. May (ed.), Knowing One's Enemies (Princeton University Press, 1984).
   Christopher Mayhew, Time to Explain (London: Hutchinson, 1987).
   Roy Medvedev, Let History Judge (London: Macmillan, 1972).
   Zhores Medvedev, Andropov: His Life and Death, rev. edn. (Oxford: Basil Blackzell, 1984).
   S.P. Melgounov, The Red Terror in Russia (London: Dent, 1925).
   Tibor Meray, «The Trial of Imre Nagy», in Bela K. Kiraly and Paul Jonas (eds.), The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 in Retrospect (New York: Columbia University Press, 1978).
   Francis Meynell, My Lives (London: Bodley Head, 1971).
   Stanislaw Mikolajczk, The Pattern of Soviet Domination (London: Sampson Low, Marston, 1949).
   Leonid Mlechin, «A Minister in Emigration: Hitherto Unknown Pages in the History of the Soviet Intelligence Service», New Times, 1990, Nos. 18—20.
   Sidney Monas, The Third Section (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1961).
   Lord Moran, Winston Churchill: The Struggle for Survival 1940—1965 (London: Constable, 1966).
   Frantisek Moravec, Master of Spies (London: Bodley Head, 1975).
   Daniel Patrick Moynihan, A Dangerous Place (London: Seeker & Warburg, 1979).
   Timothy P. Mulligan, «Spies, Ciphers and „Zitadelle“: Intelligence and the Battle of Kursk, 1943», Journal of Contemporary History, vol. XXII (1987), No. 2.
   B.N. Mullik, The Chinese Betrayal (Bombay: Allied Publishers, 1971).
   B.N. Mullik, My Years with Nehru 1948—1964 (Bombay: Allied Publishers, 1972).
   Gamal Abdel Nasser, The Philosophy of the Revolution (Cairo, 1954).
   R. Craig Nation and Mark V. Kauppi, The Soviet Impact in Africa (Lexington, Mass.: D.C. Heath, 1984).
   Jawaharlal Nehru, The Discovery of India (New York: John Day, 1946).
   Harold D. Nelson (ed.), Mozambique: A Country Study, 3rd edn. (Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1985).
   Harold D. Nelson and Irving Kaplan (eds.), Ethiopia: A Country Study, 3rd edn. (Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1981).
   J.P. Nettl, Rosa Luxemburg, 2 vols. (London: Oxford University Press, 1966).
   A. Neuberg, Armed Insurrection (London: NLB, 1970).
   Boris Nicolaevsky, Power and the Soviet Elite (New York: Praeger, 1965).
   Joshua Nkomo, Nkomo: The Story of My Life (London: Methuen, 1984).
   Carl O. Nordling, Defence or Imperialism? (Uppsala: Universitet Reprocentralen HSC, 1984).
   J. Novak, «Sprawa gen. Berlinga», Zeszycy Historyczne, vol. XXXVII (1976).
   Nicholas Nyaradi, My Ringside Seat in Moscow (New York: Crowell, 1953).
   Erich Ollenhauer, A biz Z (Bonn, 1969).
   Nissan Oren, Bulgarian Communism: The Road to Power 1934—1944 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1971).
   Nissan Oren, «A Revolution Administered: The Sovietization of Bulgaria», in Thomas Hammond (ed.), The Anatomy of Communist Takeovers (New Haven, Con.: Yale University Press, 1975).
   Aleksandr Orlov, The Secret History of Stalin's Crimes (London: Jarrolds, 1954).
   Aleksandr Orlov: Handbook of Intelligence and Guerilla Warfare (Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan Press, 1963).
   Richard Owen, Crisis in the Kremlin (London: Victor Gollancz, 1986).
   Ion Mihai Pacepa, Red Horizons (Washington, DC: Regnery Gateway, 1987).
   Bruce Page, David Leitch and Phillip Knightley, Philby: The Spy Who Betrayed a Generation (London: Sphere Books, 1977).
   N.C. Pano, The People's Republic of Albania (Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1968).
   Robert A. Pastor, Condemned to Repetition: The United States and Nicaragua (Princeton University Press, 1987).
   Jiri Pelikan (ed.), The Czechoslovak Political Trials, 1950—1954 (London: Macdoland, 1971).
   Henry M. Felling, The British Communist Party, 2nd edn. (London. A. & C. Black, 1975).
   Barrie Penrose and Simon Freeman, Conspiracy of Silence (London: Grafton Books, 1986).
   Vladimir Petrov (ed.), «June 22 1941»: Soviet Historians and the German Invasion (Columbia, SC.: University of South Press, 1968).