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103. Schmidt-Nielsen, Knut, William Bretz, and Richard Taylor. 1970. Panting in dogs: Unidirectional air flow over evaporative surfaces. Science 169: 1102—04.
104. Taylor, С.R., Knut Schmidt-Nielsen, Razi Dmi'el, and Michael Fedak. 1971. Effect of hyperthermia on heat balance during running in the African hunting dog. American Journal of Physiology 220 (3): 823—27.
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105. Arons, Cynthia D., and William J. Shoemaker. 1992. The distribution of catecholamines and? — endorphin in the brains of three behaviorally distinct breeds of dogs and their F-l hybrids. Brain Research 594: 31—39.
106. Bekoff, Marc. 1974. Social play and play-soliciting by infant canids. American Zoologist 14: 323—40.
— 1989. Social play and physical training: when «not enough» may be plenty. Ethology 80: 330—33.
107. Bekoff, Marc, Harriet L. Hill, and Jeffry Mitton. 1975. Behavioral taxonomy in canids by discriminant function analyses. Science 190: 1223—24.
108. Bleicher, Norman. 1962. Behavior of the bitch during parturition. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 140 (10). i076—82.
— 1963. Physical and behavioral analysis of dog vocalizations. American Journal of Veterinary Research 224 (100): 415—26.
109. Boissy, Alain. 1998. Fear and fearfulness in determining behavior. In Genetics and the Behavior of Domestic Animals, edited by T. Grandin. San Diego: Academic Press.
110. Coppinger, R.P., С.К. Smith, and L. Miller. 1985. Observations on why mongrels may make effective livestock protecting dogs. Journal of Range Management 38 (6): 560—61.
111. Coren, Stanley. 1994. The Intelligence of Dogs. New York: Bantam Books.
112. Eisenberg, J.F., and Paul Leyhausen. 1972. The phylogenesis of predatory behavior in mammals. Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie 30: 59—93.
113. Fox, M.W. 1969. Ontogeny of prey-killing behavior in Canidae. Behavior 35 (18): 259—70.
114. Freedrnan, D.G. 1958. Constitutional and environmental interactions in rearing of four breeds of dogs. Science 127: 585—86.
115. Hahn, Martin E., and John С Wright. 1998. The influence of genes on social behavior of dogs. In Genetics and the Behavior of Domestic Animals, edited by T. Grandin. San Diego: Academic Press.
116. Hall, W.G., and Christina L. Williams. 1983. Suckling isn't feeding, or is it? A search for developmental continuities. Advances in the Study of Behavior 13: 219—55.
117. Hirsch, Jerry. 1964. Breeding analysis of natural units in behavior genetics. American Zoologist 4: 139—45.
118. Klinghammer, Erich. 1976. Wolf ethogram — abbreviations and definitions. Battle Ground, Ind.: Wolf Park.
119. Mahut, Helen. 1958. Breed differences in the dog's emotional behaviour. Canadian Journal of Psychology 12 (1): 35—44.
120. McConnell, R.A., and J.R. Bayliss. 1985. Interspecific communication in cooperative herding: Acoustic and visual signals from human shepherds and herding dogs. Zeitschriftfur Tierpsychologie 67: 303—28.
121. Moore, George, and Theresa Moore. 1976. Herding instincts, trials and your stock dog. The World of the Working Dog 2 (4): 14—19.
122. Vincent, Louis E., and Marc Bekoff. 1978. Quantitative analyses of the ontogeny of predatory behaviour in coyotes, Canis latrans. Animal Behaviour 26: 225—31.
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123. Bateson, Patrick. 1991. Assessment of pain in animals. Animal Behaviour 42: 827—39.
124. Beck, Alan M. 1973. The Ecology of Stray Dogs: A Study of Free-ranging Urban Animals. Baltimore: York Press.
125. Beck, Alan, and Aaron Katcher. 1996. Between Pets and People. West Lafayette, Ind.: Purdue University Press.
126. Blaisdell, John D. 1999. The rise of man's best friend: The popularity of dogs as companion animals in late eighteenth century London as reflected by the dog tax of 1796. Anthrozoos 12 (2): 76—87.
127. Borchelt, Peter L., and Victoria L. Voith. 1982a. Classification of animal behavior problems. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 12: 571—85.
— 1982b. Diagnosis and treatment of separation-related behavior problems in dogs. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 12: 625—35.
128. Brown, С J., O.D. Murphree, and E.O. Newton. 1978. The effect of inbreeding on human aversion in pointer dogs. The Journal of Heredity 69: 362—65.
129. Coppinger, Raymond. 1996. Fishing Dogs. Berkeley, Calif: Ten Speed Press.
130. Dawkins, Marian Stamp. 1988. Behavioural deprivation: A central problem in animal welfare. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 20: 209—25.
131. Dodman, Nicholas. 1996. The Dog Who Loved Too Much. New York: Bantam.
132. Elliot, Orville, and J.R. Scott. 1961. The development of emotional distress reactions to separation in puppies. The Journal of Genetic Psychology (99): 3—32.
133. Estep, Daniel Q. 1996. The ontogeny of behavior. In Readings in Companion Animal Behavior, edited by V.L. Voith and P.L. Borcheit. Trenton, N.J.: Veterinary Learning Systems.
134. Fisher, John. 1995. Understanding the Behaviour of the Pet Dog. Tisbury, Wiltshire, England: COAPE.
135. Freedman, D. G. 1958. Constitutional and environmental interactions in rearing of four breeds of dogs. Science 127: 585—86.
136. Freedman, Daniel G., John A. King, and Orville Elliot. 1960. Critical period in the social development of dogs. Science 133: 1016—17.
137. Hart, Benjamin L., and Lynette A. Hart. 1985. Selecting pet dogs on the basis of cluster analysis of breed behavior profiles and gender. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 186 (11): 1181—85.
138. Hart, Benjamin L., and Michael F. Miller. 1985. Behavioral profiles of dog breeds. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 186 (11): 1175—80.
139. Houpt, Katherine A. 1985. Companion animal behavior: A review of dog and cat behavior in the field, the laboratory and the clinic. Cornell Veterinary 75: 248—61.
140. Jones, Mitchell. 1988. The Dogs of Capitalism. Book I: Origins. Austin, Tex.: 21st Century Logic.
141. McCrave, Elizabeth. 1991. Diagnostic criteria for separation anxiety in the dog. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 21 (2): 247—55.
142. Radde, Glenn. 1980. The significance of the dog: Perspectives of dog human relationships. Masters, Department of Geography, University of Minnesota.
143. Serpell, James. 1986. In the Company of Animals. Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell.
144. Thomson, Keith. 1996. The rise and fall of the English bulldog. American Scientist 84: 220—23.
145. Voith, Victoria, and Peter Borchelt. 1982. Diagnosis and treatment of dominance aggression in dogs. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 12 (4): 655—63.
146. Voith, Victoria L., and Peter L. Borchelt, eds. 1996. Readings in Companion Animal Behavior. Trenton, N.J.: Veterinary Learning Systems.
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147. Allen, Karen, and Jim Blascovich. 1996. The value of service dogs for people with severe ambulatory disabilities. Journal of the American Medical Association 275 (13): 1001—06.
148. Baun, Mara M., Nancy Bergstrom, Nancy F. Langston, and Linda Thoma. 1984. Physiological effects of the human/companion animal bond. Nursing Research 33 (3): 126—29.
149. Coppinger, Raymond, and Justine Lyons. 1995. Wheelchair Assistance Dogs. Amherst, Mass.: Hampshire College.
150. Coppinger, Raymond, Lorna Coppinger, and Ellen Skillings. 1998. Observations on assistance dog training and use. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science 1 (2): 133—44.
151. Coppinger, R., and J. Zuccotti. 1999. Exercise and socialization in dogs. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science 2: 281—96.
152. Eddy, Jane, Lynette A. Hart, and Ronald P. Boltz. 1988. The effects of service dogs on social acknowledgments of people in wheelchairs. The Journal of Psychology 122 (1): 39—45.
153. Fuller, John L. 1960. Behavior gene tics. Annual Review of Psychology 11: 41—70.
— 1967. Experiential deprivation and later behavior. Science 158: 1645—52.
154. Gagnon, Sylvain, and Francois Y. Dore. 1992. Search behavior in various breeds of adult dogs (Canis familiaris): Object permanence and olfactory cues. Journal of Comparative Psychology 106 (1): 58—68.
155. Goddard, M.E., and R.G. Beilharz. 1982/83. Genetic traits which determine the suitability of dogs as guide-dogs for the blind. Applied Animal Ethology 9: 299—315.
1986. Early prediction of adult behaviour in potential guide dogs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 15: 247—60.
156. Hart, Lynette A, Benjamin L. Hart, and Bonita Bergin. 1987. Socializing effects of service dogs for people with disabilities. Anthrozoos 1: 41—44.
157. Hart, Lynette A., R. Lee Zasloff, and Anne Marie Benfoatto. 1995. The pleasures and problems of hearing dog ownership. Psychological Reports 77: 969—70.
158. Hirsch, Jerry. 1990. A nemesis for heritability estimation. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 13 (1): 137—38.
159. Leighton, Eldin. 1997. Genetics of canine hip dysplzsia. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 210 (10): 1474—79.
160. Mader, Bonnie, Lynette A. Hart, and Bonita Bergin. 1989. Social acknowledgments for children with disabilities: Effects of service dogs. Child Development 60: 1529—34.
161. Mitchell, Daniel S. 1976. Selection of Dogs for Land Mine and Booby Trap Detection Training. Fort Belvoir, Virginia: U.S. Army Mobility Equipment Research and Development Command.
162. O'Farrell, V. 1986. Manual of Canine Behaviour. Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, UK: British Small Animal Veterinary Association.
163. Pfaffenberger, Clarence J. 1963. The New Knowledge of Dog Behavior. New York: Howell Book House.
164. Pfaffenberger, Clarence J., and John Paul Scott. 1976. Early rearing and testing. In Guide Dogs for the Blind: Their Selection, Development and Training, edited by С Pfaffenberger, J.P. Scott, J. Fuller, B. Ginsburg, and S. Bielfelt. New York: Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company.
165. Serpell, James, Raymond Coppinger, and Aubrey H. Fine. 2000. The welfare of assistance and therapy animals: An ethical comment. In Handbook on Animal Assisted Therapy, edited by A.H. Fine. San Diego: Academic Press.
166. Struckus, Joseph Edward. 1989. The use of pet-facilitated therapy in the treatment of depression in the elderly: A behavioral conceptualization of treatment effect. Doctorate, Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
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167. Brisbin, Jr., I. Lehr, Raymond R. Coppinger, Mark H. Feinstein, Steven N. Austad, and John J. Mayer. 1994. The New Guinea singing dog: Taxonomy, captive studies and conservation priorities. Science in New Guinea 20 (1): 27—38.
168. Darwin, Charles. 1859. Letter to Asa Gray. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society (Zoology) 3: 50—53.
169. Lamarck, J. B. 1984 [1809]. Zoological Philosophy: An Exposition with Regard to the Natural History of Animals. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
170. Mayr, Ernst. 1942. Systematics and the Origin of Species. New York: Columbia University Press.
— 1996. The modern evolutionary theory. Journal of Mammalogy 77 (1): 1—7.
171. Honacki, J.H., K.E. Kinman, and J.W. Koeppl, eds. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Lawrence, Kansas: Allen Press and Association of Systematic Collections.
172. Lorenz, Konrad. 1954. Man Meets Dog. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
173. Troughton, E. 1957. A new native dog from the Papuan Highlands. Proceedings of the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales 1955—1956: 93—94.
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174. Barnosky, Anthony D. 1990. Punctuated equilibrium and phyletic gradualism. In Current Mammalogy, edited by H. Genoways. New York: Plenum Press.
175. Clark, Kate M. 1996. Neolithic dogs: A reappraisal based on evidence from the remains of a large canid deposited in a ritual feature. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 6: 211—19.
176. Glutton-Brock, Juliet. 1992. The process of domestication. Mammal Review 22 (2): 79—85.
— 1995. Origins of the dog: Domestication and early history. In The Domestic Dog, Its Evolution, Behavior, and Interactions with People, edited by J. Serpell. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
177. Ferrell, Robert, Donald Morizot, Jacqueline Horn, and Curtis Carley. 1980. Biochemical markers in a species endangered by introgression: the Red Wolf. Biochemical Genetics 18 (1/2): 39—49.
178. Geist, Valerius. 1986. On speciation in Ice Age mammals, with special reference to cervids and caprids. Canadian Journal of Zoology 65: 1067—84.
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185. Wayne, R.K., N. Lehman, M.W. Allard, and R.L. Honeycutt. 1992. Mitochondrial DNA variability of the gray wolf: Genetic consequences of population decline and habitat fragmentation. Conservation Biology 6: 559—69.
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Об авторах
Раймонд (Рэй) и Лорна Коппингеры — оба выпускники Бостонского университета: он по специальности американская литература и философия, она — по славянским языкам и литературе. По случаю получения Лорной диплома в 1958 году Рэй подарил ей собаку, и именно с этого началась их совместная работа — в основном с собаками.
Во время последующей учебы в Университете шт. Массачусеттс (он изучал зоологию, она — общую биологию) Рэй заинтересовался ездовыми собаками. Он работал с несколькими упряжками хаски, для которых сам подбирал и обучал собак, Лорна занималась их фотосъемкой и в итоге написала первую серьезную книгу («The World of Sled Dogs») о спортивных соревнованиях на собачьих упряжках. В 1977 г. Американская ассоциация литературы по собаководству отметила ее как Лучшую методическую книгу года.
В 1969 г. Рэй стал сотрудником организационного факультета Гэмпшир-колледжа в Амхерсте, Массачусеттс и спустя несколько лет продал свою успешно выступавшую на соревнованиях (две премии за 1973 г.) собачью упряжку. В середине 70-х он вместе с Лорной начал работать над проектом по интродукции в Америку пастушьих сторожевых собак Старого Света. В ходе выполнения этой инновационной программы коллективу исследователей пришлось много путешествовать как по Европе — с целью изучения и приобретения собак, — так и по США и Канаде, где сотни этих собак надо было разместить и далее наблюдать за их поведением в новой обстановке. За 10 лет работы над проектом разведение этих пород вошло в широкую практику, и нужда в его продолжении постепенно отпала.
Начиная с середины 1980-х годов, Лорна и Рэй много ездили по Европе и Южной Америке, работая со специалистами по охране природы над проблемой внедрения аппробированных в Старом Свете методов, позволяющих регулировать численность хищных животных, не прибегая к их уничтожению. К этому времени Рэй стал популярен как лектор и участник конференций и семинаров.
В течение последних 10 лет Рэй работает в индустрии собаководства над повышением эффективности программ дрессировки. Вместе со своими учениками он занимается главным образом вопросами раннего развития щенков и обогащением среды их воспитания в питомниках.
В данной книге («Dogs: A Startling New Understanding of Canine Origin, Behavior and Evolution») Коппингеры обобщили большую часть своих исследований, дав описание служебных собак с биологической точки зрения.
Ранее вышедшая книга Рэя о собаках-«рыболовах» («Fishing Dogs») отражает взгляд биолога-рыбака на собаку и содержит много забавных историй о рыбаках, биологах и заводчиках собак. У Рэя и Лорны двое детей, Карин и Тим — оба активно участвуют в кинологической деятельности родителей, — и три внука, но у последних пока только одна маленькая собачка.
Для нас особенно важно, что «Собаки» издаются в России, поскольку именно русские генетики Дмитрий Беляев и Людмила Трут описали, каким образом дикое, близкое к волку животное могло превратиться в ездовую, одомашненную собаку. Работа этих ученых лежит в основе многих наших представлений об эволюции и поведении собак.
В своей книге мы хотели также рассказать о своем понимании особенностей взаимоотношений между человеком и собакой. На первый взгляд, эти взаимоотношения обоюдно полезны, однако и тому и другому биологическому виду приходится за них платить, причем довольно высокую цену. Не каждый согласится с этим выводом, но мы будем рады ответить на любые вопросы и выслушать любые мнения и готовы (надеемся, что готовы!) принять обоснованные возражения.
Лорна Коппингер, январь 2005
104. Taylor, С.R., Knut Schmidt-Nielsen, Razi Dmi'el, and Michael Fedak. 1971. Effect of hyperthermia on heat balance during running in the African hunting dog. American Journal of Physiology 220 (3): 823—27.
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105. Arons, Cynthia D., and William J. Shoemaker. 1992. The distribution of catecholamines and? — endorphin in the brains of three behaviorally distinct breeds of dogs and their F-l hybrids. Brain Research 594: 31—39.
106. Bekoff, Marc. 1974. Social play and play-soliciting by infant canids. American Zoologist 14: 323—40.
— 1989. Social play and physical training: when «not enough» may be plenty. Ethology 80: 330—33.
107. Bekoff, Marc, Harriet L. Hill, and Jeffry Mitton. 1975. Behavioral taxonomy in canids by discriminant function analyses. Science 190: 1223—24.
108. Bleicher, Norman. 1962. Behavior of the bitch during parturition. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 140 (10). i076—82.
— 1963. Physical and behavioral analysis of dog vocalizations. American Journal of Veterinary Research 224 (100): 415—26.
109. Boissy, Alain. 1998. Fear and fearfulness in determining behavior. In Genetics and the Behavior of Domestic Animals, edited by T. Grandin. San Diego: Academic Press.
110. Coppinger, R.P., С.К. Smith, and L. Miller. 1985. Observations on why mongrels may make effective livestock protecting dogs. Journal of Range Management 38 (6): 560—61.
111. Coren, Stanley. 1994. The Intelligence of Dogs. New York: Bantam Books.
112. Eisenberg, J.F., and Paul Leyhausen. 1972. The phylogenesis of predatory behavior in mammals. Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie 30: 59—93.
113. Fox, M.W. 1969. Ontogeny of prey-killing behavior in Canidae. Behavior 35 (18): 259—70.
114. Freedrnan, D.G. 1958. Constitutional and environmental interactions in rearing of four breeds of dogs. Science 127: 585—86.
115. Hahn, Martin E., and John С Wright. 1998. The influence of genes on social behavior of dogs. In Genetics and the Behavior of Domestic Animals, edited by T. Grandin. San Diego: Academic Press.
116. Hall, W.G., and Christina L. Williams. 1983. Suckling isn't feeding, or is it? A search for developmental continuities. Advances in the Study of Behavior 13: 219—55.
117. Hirsch, Jerry. 1964. Breeding analysis of natural units in behavior genetics. American Zoologist 4: 139—45.
118. Klinghammer, Erich. 1976. Wolf ethogram — abbreviations and definitions. Battle Ground, Ind.: Wolf Park.
119. Mahut, Helen. 1958. Breed differences in the dog's emotional behaviour. Canadian Journal of Psychology 12 (1): 35—44.
120. McConnell, R.A., and J.R. Bayliss. 1985. Interspecific communication in cooperative herding: Acoustic and visual signals from human shepherds and herding dogs. Zeitschriftfur Tierpsychologie 67: 303—28.
121. Moore, George, and Theresa Moore. 1976. Herding instincts, trials and your stock dog. The World of the Working Dog 2 (4): 14—19.
122. Vincent, Louis E., and Marc Bekoff. 1978. Quantitative analyses of the ontogeny of predatory behaviour in coyotes, Canis latrans. Animal Behaviour 26: 225—31.
Глава 7
123. Bateson, Patrick. 1991. Assessment of pain in animals. Animal Behaviour 42: 827—39.
124. Beck, Alan M. 1973. The Ecology of Stray Dogs: A Study of Free-ranging Urban Animals. Baltimore: York Press.
125. Beck, Alan, and Aaron Katcher. 1996. Between Pets and People. West Lafayette, Ind.: Purdue University Press.
126. Blaisdell, John D. 1999. The rise of man's best friend: The popularity of dogs as companion animals in late eighteenth century London as reflected by the dog tax of 1796. Anthrozoos 12 (2): 76—87.
127. Borchelt, Peter L., and Victoria L. Voith. 1982a. Classification of animal behavior problems. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 12: 571—85.
— 1982b. Diagnosis and treatment of separation-related behavior problems in dogs. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 12: 625—35.
128. Brown, С J., O.D. Murphree, and E.O. Newton. 1978. The effect of inbreeding on human aversion in pointer dogs. The Journal of Heredity 69: 362—65.
129. Coppinger, Raymond. 1996. Fishing Dogs. Berkeley, Calif: Ten Speed Press.
130. Dawkins, Marian Stamp. 1988. Behavioural deprivation: A central problem in animal welfare. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 20: 209—25.
131. Dodman, Nicholas. 1996. The Dog Who Loved Too Much. New York: Bantam.
132. Elliot, Orville, and J.R. Scott. 1961. The development of emotional distress reactions to separation in puppies. The Journal of Genetic Psychology (99): 3—32.
133. Estep, Daniel Q. 1996. The ontogeny of behavior. In Readings in Companion Animal Behavior, edited by V.L. Voith and P.L. Borcheit. Trenton, N.J.: Veterinary Learning Systems.
134. Fisher, John. 1995. Understanding the Behaviour of the Pet Dog. Tisbury, Wiltshire, England: COAPE.
135. Freedman, D. G. 1958. Constitutional and environmental interactions in rearing of four breeds of dogs. Science 127: 585—86.
136. Freedman, Daniel G., John A. King, and Orville Elliot. 1960. Critical period in the social development of dogs. Science 133: 1016—17.
137. Hart, Benjamin L., and Lynette A. Hart. 1985. Selecting pet dogs on the basis of cluster analysis of breed behavior profiles and gender. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 186 (11): 1181—85.
138. Hart, Benjamin L., and Michael F. Miller. 1985. Behavioral profiles of dog breeds. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 186 (11): 1175—80.
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Об авторах
Во время последующей учебы в Университете шт. Массачусеттс (он изучал зоологию, она — общую биологию) Рэй заинтересовался ездовыми собаками. Он работал с несколькими упряжками хаски, для которых сам подбирал и обучал собак, Лорна занималась их фотосъемкой и в итоге написала первую серьезную книгу («The World of Sled Dogs») о спортивных соревнованиях на собачьих упряжках. В 1977 г. Американская ассоциация литературы по собаководству отметила ее как Лучшую методическую книгу года.
В 1969 г. Рэй стал сотрудником организационного факультета Гэмпшир-колледжа в Амхерсте, Массачусеттс и спустя несколько лет продал свою успешно выступавшую на соревнованиях (две премии за 1973 г.) собачью упряжку. В середине 70-х он вместе с Лорной начал работать над проектом по интродукции в Америку пастушьих сторожевых собак Старого Света. В ходе выполнения этой инновационной программы коллективу исследователей пришлось много путешествовать как по Европе — с целью изучения и приобретения собак, — так и по США и Канаде, где сотни этих собак надо было разместить и далее наблюдать за их поведением в новой обстановке. За 10 лет работы над проектом разведение этих пород вошло в широкую практику, и нужда в его продолжении постепенно отпала.
Начиная с середины 1980-х годов, Лорна и Рэй много ездили по Европе и Южной Америке, работая со специалистами по охране природы над проблемой внедрения аппробированных в Старом Свете методов, позволяющих регулировать численность хищных животных, не прибегая к их уничтожению. К этому времени Рэй стал популярен как лектор и участник конференций и семинаров.
В течение последних 10 лет Рэй работает в индустрии собаководства над повышением эффективности программ дрессировки. Вместе со своими учениками он занимается главным образом вопросами раннего развития щенков и обогащением среды их воспитания в питомниках.
В данной книге («Dogs: A Startling New Understanding of Canine Origin, Behavior and Evolution») Коппингеры обобщили большую часть своих исследований, дав описание служебных собак с биологической точки зрения.
Ранее вышедшая книга Рэя о собаках-«рыболовах» («Fishing Dogs») отражает взгляд биолога-рыбака на собаку и содержит много забавных историй о рыбаках, биологах и заводчиках собак. У Рэя и Лорны двое детей, Карин и Тим — оба активно участвуют в кинологической деятельности родителей, — и три внука, но у последних пока только одна маленькая собачка.
* * *
Собаки — удивительные животные во всех отношениях, и прежде всего — с биологической точки зрения. Эта книга написана ради того, чтоб объяснить, почему мы так думаем, и обсудить те биологические процессы, благодаря которым собаки стали такими, какие они есть.Для нас особенно важно, что «Собаки» издаются в России, поскольку именно русские генетики Дмитрий Беляев и Людмила Трут описали, каким образом дикое, близкое к волку животное могло превратиться в ездовую, одомашненную собаку. Работа этих ученых лежит в основе многих наших представлений об эволюции и поведении собак.
В своей книге мы хотели также рассказать о своем понимании особенностей взаимоотношений между человеком и собакой. На первый взгляд, эти взаимоотношения обоюдно полезны, однако и тому и другому биологическому виду приходится за них платить, причем довольно высокую цену. Не каждый согласится с этим выводом, но мы будем рады ответить на любые вопросы и выслушать любые мнения и готовы (надеемся, что готовы!) принять обоснованные возражения.
Лорна Коппингер, январь 2005